goutubedl/goutubedl.go

// Package goutubedl provides a wrapper for youtube-dl.
package goutubedl

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

// Path to youtube-dl binary. If not set look for "youtube-dl" then "yt-dlp" in PATH.
var Path = ""

func ProbePath() string {
	if Path != "" {
		return Path
	}

	for _, n := range []string{"youtube-dl", "yt-dlp"} {
		if p, err := exec.LookPath(n); err == nil {
			return p
		}
	}

	return "youtube-dl"
}

// Printer is something that can print
type Printer interface {
	Print(v ...interface{})
}

type nopPrinter struct{}

func (nopPrinter) Print(v ...interface{}) {}

// YoutubedlError is a error from youtube-dl
type YoutubedlError string

func (e YoutubedlError) Error() string {
	return string(e)
}

// ErrNotAPlaylist error when single entry when expected a playlist
var ErrNotAPlaylist = errors.New("single entry when expected a playlist")

// ErrNotASingleEntry error when playlist when expected a single entry
var ErrNotASingleEntry = errors.New("playlist when expected a single entry")

// Info youtube-dl info
type Info struct {
	// Generated from youtube-dl README using:
	// sed -e 's/ - `\(.*\)` (\(.*\)): \(.*\)/\1 \2 `json:"\1"` \/\/ \3/' | sed -e 's/numeric/float64/' | sed -e 's/boolean/bool/' | sed -e 's/_id/ID/'  | sed -e 's/_count/Count/'| sed -e 's/_uploader/Uploader/' | sed -e 's/_key/Key/' | sed -e 's/_year/Year/' | sed -e 's/_title/Title/' | sed -e 's/_rating/Rating/'  | sed -e 's/_number/Number/'  | awk '{print toupper(substr($0, 0, 1))  substr($0, 2)}'
	ID                 string  `json:"id"`                   // Video identifier
	Title              string  `json:"title"`                // Video title
	URL                string  `json:"url"`                  // Video URL
	AltTitle           string  `json:"alt_title"`            // A secondary title of the video
	DisplayID          string  `json:"display_id"`           // An alternative identifier for the video
	Uploader           string  `json:"uploader"`             // Full name of the video uploader
	License            string  `json:"license"`              // License name the video is licensed under
	Creator            string  `json:"creator"`              // The creator of the video
	ReleaseDate        string  `json:"release_date"`         // The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released
	Timestamp          float64 `json:"timestamp"`            // UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available
	UploadDate         string  `json:"upload_date"`          // Video upload date (YYYYMMDD)
	UploaderID         string  `json:"uploader_id"`          // Nickname or id of the video uploader
	Channel            string  `json:"channel"`              // Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on
	ChannelID          string  `json:"channel_id"`           // Id of the channel
	Location           string  `json:"location"`             // Physical location where the video was filmed
	Duration           float64 `json:"duration"`             // Length of the video in seconds
	ViewCount          float64 `json:"view_count"`           // How many users have watched the video on the platform
	LikeCount          float64 `json:"like_count"`           // Number of positive ratings of the video
	DislikeCount       float64 `json:"dislike_count"`        // Number of negative ratings of the video
	RepostCount        float64 `json:"repost_count"`         // Number of reposts of the video
	AverageRating      float64 `json:"average_rating"`       // Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
	CommentCount       float64 `json:"comment_count"`        // Number of comments on the video
	AgeLimit           float64 `json:"age_limit"`            // Age restriction for the video (years)
	IsLive             bool    `json:"is_live"`              // Whether this video is a live stream or a fixed-length video
	StartTime          float64 `json:"start_time"`           // Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL
	EndTime            float64 `json:"end_time"`             // Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL
	Extractor          string  `json:"extractor"`            // Name of the extractor
	ExtractorKey       string  `json:"extractor_key"`        // Key name of the extractor
	Epoch              float64 `json:"epoch"`                // Unix epoch when creating the file
	Autonumber         float64 `json:"autonumber"`           // Five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero
	Playlist           string  `json:"playlist"`             // Name or id of the playlist that contains the video
	PlaylistIndex      float64 `json:"playlist_index"`       // Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
	PlaylistID         string  `json:"playlist_id"`          // Playlist identifier
	PlaylistTitle      string  `json:"playlist_title"`       // Playlist title
	PlaylistUploader   string  `json:"playlist_uploader"`    // Full name of the playlist uploader
	PlaylistUploaderID string  `json:"playlist_uploader_id"` // Nickname or id of the playlist uploader

	// Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
	Chapter       string  `json:"chapter"`        // Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to
	ChapterNumber float64 `json:"chapter_number"` // Number of the chapter the video belongs to
	ChapterID     string  `json:"chapter_id"`     // Id of the chapter the video belongs to

	// Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
	Series        string  `json:"series"`         // Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
	Season        string  `json:"season"`         // Title of the season the video episode belongs to
	SeasonNumber  float64 `json:"season_number"`  // Number of the season the video episode belongs to
	SeasonID      string  `json:"season_id"`      // Id of the season the video episode belongs to
	Episode       string  `json:"episode"`        // Title of the video episode
	EpisodeNumber float64 `json:"episode_number"` // Number of the video episode within a season
	EpisodeID     string  `json:"episode_id"`     // Id of the video episode

	// Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album:
	Track       string  `json:"track"`        // Title of the track
	TrackNumber float64 `json:"track_number"` // Number of the track within an album or a disc
	TrackID     string  `json:"track_id"`     // Id of the track
	Artist      string  `json:"artist"`       // Artist(s) of the track
	Genre       string  `json:"genre"`        // Genre(s) of the track
	Album       string  `json:"album"`        // Title of the album the track belongs to
	AlbumType   string  `json:"album_type"`   // Type of the album
	AlbumArtist string  `json:"album_artist"` // List of all artists appeared on the album
	DiscNumber  float64 `json:"disc_number"`  // Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to
	ReleaseYear float64 `json:"release_year"` // Year (YYYY) when the album was released

	Type        string `json:"_type"`
	Direct      bool   `json:"direct"`
	WebpageURL  string `json:"webpage_url"`
	Description string `json:"description"`
	Thumbnail   string `json:"thumbnail"`
	// don't unmarshal, populated from image thumbnail file
	ThumbnailBytes []byte      `json:"-"`
	Thumbnails     []Thumbnail `json:"thumbnails"`

	Formats           []Format              `json:"formats"`
	Subtitles         map[string][]Subtitle `json:"subtitles"`
	AutomaticCaptions map[string][]*Caption `json:"automatic_captions"`

	// Playlist entries if _type is playlist
	Entries []Info `json:"entries"`

	// Info can also be a mix of Info and one Format
	Format
}

type Thumbnail struct {
	ID         string `json:"id"`
	URL        string `json:"url"`
	Preference int    `json:"preference"`
	Width      int    `json:"width"`
	Height     int    `json:"height"`
	Resolution string `json:"resolution"`
}

// Format youtube-dl downloadable format
type Format struct {
	Ext            string            `json:"ext"`             // Video filename extension
	Format         string            `json:"format"`          // A human-readable description of the format
	FormatID       string            `json:"format_id"`       // Format code specified by `--format`
	FormatNote     string            `json:"format_note"`     // Additional info about the format
	Width          float64           `json:"width"`           // Width of the video
	Height         float64           `json:"height"`          // Height of the video
	Resolution     string            `json:"resolution"`      // Textual description of width and height
	TBR            float64           `json:"tbr"`             // Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
	ABR            float64           `json:"abr"`             // Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
	ACodec         string            `json:"acodec"`          // Name of the audio codec in use
	ASR            float64           `json:"asr"`             // Audio sampling rate in Hertz
	VBR            float64           `json:"vbr"`             // Average video bitrate in KBit/s
	FPS            float64           `json:"fps"`             // Frame rate
	VCodec         string            `json:"vcodec"`          // Name of the video codec in use
	Container      string            `json:"container"`       // Name of the container format
	Filesize       float64           `json:"filesize"`        // The number of bytes, if known in advance
	FilesizeApprox float64           `json:"filesize_approx"` // An estimate for the number of bytes
	Protocol       string            `json:"protocol"`        // The protocol that will be used for the actual download
	HTTPHeaders    map[string]string `json:"http_headers"`
}

// Subtitle youtube-dl subtitle
type Subtitle struct {
	URL      string `json:"url"`
	Ext      string `json:"ext"`
	Language string `json:"-"`
	// don't unmarshal, populated from subtitle file
	Bytes []byte `json:"-"`
}

type Caption struct {
	Ext   string `json:"ext"`
	URL   string `json:"url"`
	Name  string `json:"name"`
	Bytes []byte `json:"-"`
}

func (f Format) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%s abr:%f vbr:%f tbr:%f",
		f.FormatID,
		f.Protocol,
		f.Ext,
		f.ABR,
		f.VBR,
		f.TBR,
	)
}

// Type of response you want
type Type int

const (
	// TypeAny single or playlist (default)
	TypeAny Type = iota
	// TypeSingle single track, file etc
	TypeSingle
	// TypePlaylist playlist with multiple tracks, files etc
	TypePlaylist
	// TypeChannel channel containing one or more playlists, which will be flattened
	TypeChannel
)

var TypeFromString = map[string]Type{
	"any":      TypeAny,
	"single":   TypeSingle,
	"playlist": TypePlaylist,
	"channel":  TypeChannel,
}

// Options for New()
type Options struct {
	Type                  Type
	PlaylistStart         uint   // --playlist-start
	PlaylistEnd           uint   // --playlist-end
	Downloader            string // --downloader
	DownloadThumbnail     bool
	DownloadSubtitles     bool
	DownloadSubtitlesLang []string
	DownloadSections      string // --download-sections
	Impersonate           string // --impersonate

	ProxyUrl           string // --proxy URL  http://host:port or socks5://host:port
	UseIPV4            bool   // -4 Make all connections via IPv4
	Cookies            string // --cookies FILE
	CookiesFromBrowser string // --cookies-from-browser BROWSER[:FOLDER]
	DebugLog           Printer
	StderrFn           func(cmd *exec.Cmd) io.Writer // if not nil, function to get Writer for stderr
	HTTPClient         *http.Client                  // Client for download thumbnail and subtitles (nil use http.DefaultClient)
	MergeOutputFormat  string                        // --merge-output-format
	SortingFormat      string                        // --format-sort
	ExtractorArgs      string                        // --extractor-args
	InfoArgs           []string
	DownloadArgs       []string

	// Set to true if you don't want to use the result.Info structure after the goutubedl.New() call,
	// so the given URL will be downloaded in a single pass in the DownloadResult.Download() call.
	noInfoDownload bool
}

// Version of youtube-dl.
// Might be a good idea to call at start to assert that youtube-dl can be found.
func Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, ProbePath(), "--version")
	versionBytes, cmdErr := cmd.Output()
	if cmdErr != nil {
		return "", cmdErr
	}

	return strings.TrimSpace(string(versionBytes)), nil
}

// Downloads given URL using the given options and filter (usually a format id or quality designator).
// If filter is empty, then youtube-dl will use its default format selector.
func Download(
	ctx context.Context,
	rawURL string,
	options Options,
	filter string,
) (*DownloadResult, error) {
	options.noInfoDownload = true
	d, err := New(ctx, rawURL, options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return d.Download(ctx, filter)
}

// New downloads metadata for URL
func New(ctx context.Context, rawURL string, options Options) (result Result, err error) {
	if options.DebugLog == nil {
		options.DebugLog = nopPrinter{}
	}

	if options.noInfoDownload {
		return Result{
			RawURL:  rawURL,
			Options: options,
		}, nil
	}

	info, rawJSON, err := infoFromURL(ctx, rawURL, options)
	if err != nil {
		return Result{}, err
	}

	rawJSONCopy := make([]byte, len(rawJSON))
	copy(rawJSONCopy, rawJSON)

	return Result{
		Info:    info,
		RawURL:  rawURL,
		RawJSON: rawJSONCopy,
		Options: options,
	}, nil
}

func infoFromURL(
	ctx context.Context,
	rawURL string,
	options Options,
) (info Info, rawJSON []byte, err error) {
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(
		ctx,
		ProbePath(),
		// see comment below about ignoring errors for playlists
		"--ignore-errors",
		// TODO: deprecated in yt-dlp?
		"--no-call-home",
		// use safer output filenmaes
		// TODO: needed?
		"--restrict-filenames",
		// use .netrc authentication data
		"--netrc",
		// provide url via stdin for security, youtube-dl has some run command args
		"--batch-file", "-",
		// dump info json
		"--dump-single-json",
	)

	if options.ProxyUrl != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--proxy", options.ProxyUrl)
	}

	if options.UseIPV4 {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-4")
	}

	if options.Downloader != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--downloader", options.Downloader)
	}

	if options.Impersonate != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--impersonate", options.Impersonate)
	}

	if options.Cookies != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--cookies", options.Cookies)
	}

	if options.CookiesFromBrowser != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--cookies-from-browser", options.CookiesFromBrowser)
	}

	if options.ExtractorArgs != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
			"--extractor-args", options.ExtractorArgs,
		)
	}

	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, options.InfoArgs...)

	switch options.Type {
	case TypePlaylist, TypeChannel:
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--yes-playlist")

		if options.PlaylistStart > 0 {
			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
				"--playlist-start", strconv.Itoa(int(options.PlaylistStart)),
			)
		}
		if options.PlaylistEnd > 0 {
			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
				"--playlist-end", strconv.Itoa(int(options.PlaylistEnd)),
			)
		}
	case TypeSingle:
		if options.DownloadSubtitles {
			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
				"--all-subs",
			)
		}
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
			"--no-playlist",
		)
	case TypeAny:
		break
	default:
		return Info{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("unhandled options type value: %d", options.Type)
	}

	tempPath, _ := os.MkdirTemp("", "ydls")
	defer os.RemoveAll(tempPath)

	stdoutBuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	stderrBuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	stderrWriter := io.Discard
	if options.StderrFn != nil {
		stderrWriter = options.StderrFn(cmd)
	}

	cmd.Dir = tempPath
	cmd.Stdout = stdoutBuf
	cmd.Stderr = io.MultiWriter(stderrBuf, stderrWriter)
	cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewBufferString(rawURL + "\n")

	options.DebugLog.Print("cmd", " ", cmd.Args)
	cmdErr := cmd.Run()

	stderrLineScanner := bufio.NewScanner(stderrBuf)
	errMessage := ""
	for stderrLineScanner.Scan() {
		const errorPrefix = "ERROR: "
		line := stderrLineScanner.Text()
		if strings.HasPrefix(line, errorPrefix) {
			errMessage = line[len(errorPrefix):]
		}
	}

	infoSeemsOk := false
	if len(stdoutBuf.Bytes()) > 0 {
		if infoErr := json.Unmarshal(stdoutBuf.Bytes(), &info); infoErr != nil {
			return Info{}, nil, infoErr
		}

		isPlaylist := info.Type == "playlist" || info.Type == "multi_video"
		switch {
		case options.Type == TypePlaylist && !isPlaylist:
			return Info{}, nil, ErrNotAPlaylist
		case options.Type == TypeSingle && isPlaylist:
			return Info{}, nil, ErrNotASingleEntry
		default:
			// any type
		}

		// HACK: --ignore-errors still return error message and exit code != 0
		// so workaround is to assume things went ok if we get some ok json on stdout
		infoSeemsOk = info.ID != ""
	}

	if !infoSeemsOk {
		if errMessage != "" {
			return Info{}, nil, YoutubedlError(errMessage)
		} else if cmdErr != nil {
			return Info{}, nil, cmdErr
		}

		return Info{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown error")
	}

	get := func(url string) (*http.Response, error) {
		c := http.DefaultClient
		if options.HTTPClient != nil {
			c = options.HTTPClient
		}

		r, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		for k, v := range info.HTTPHeaders {
			r.Header.Set(k, v)
		}
		return c.Do(r)
	}

	// TODO: use headers from youtube-dl info for thumbnail and subtitle download?
	if options.DownloadThumbnail && info.Thumbnail != "" {
		resp, respErr := get(info.Thumbnail)
		if respErr == nil {
			buf, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
			resp.Body.Close()
			info.ThumbnailBytes = buf
		}
	}

	for language, subtitles := range info.Subtitles {
		for i := range subtitles {
			subtitles[i].Language = language
		}
	}

	for _, lang := range options.DownloadSubtitlesLang {
		if _, ok := info.AutomaticCaptions[lang]; !ok {
			continue
		}

		for _, caption := range info.AutomaticCaptions[lang] {
			resp, respErr := get(caption.URL)
			if respErr == nil {
				buf, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
				resp.Body.Close()
				caption.Bytes = buf
			}
		}

	}

	if options.DownloadSubtitles {
		for _, subtitles := range info.Subtitles {
			for i, subtitle := range subtitles {
				resp, respErr := get(subtitle.URL)
				if respErr == nil {
					buf, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
					resp.Body.Close()
					subtitles[i].Bytes = buf
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// as we ignore errors for playlists some entries might show up as null
	//
	// note: instead of doing full recursion, we assume entries in
	// playlists and channels are at most 2 levels deep, and we just
	// collect entries from both levels.
	//
	// the following cases have not been tested:
	//
	// - entries that are more than 2 levels deep (will be missed)
	// - the ability to restrict entries to a single level (we include both levels)
	if options.Type == TypePlaylist || options.Type == TypeChannel {
		var filteredEntries []Info
		for _, e := range info.Entries {
			if e.Type == "playlist" {
				for _, ee := range e.Entries {
					if ee.ID == "" {
						continue
					}
					filteredEntries = append(filteredEntries, ee)
				}
				continue
			} else if e.ID != "" {
				filteredEntries = append(filteredEntries, e)
			}
		}
		info.Entries = filteredEntries
	}

	return info, stdoutBuf.Bytes(), nil
}

// Result metadata for a URL
type Result struct {
	Info    Info
	RawURL  string
	RawJSON []byte  // saved raw JSON. Used later when downloading
	Options Options // options passed to New
}

// DownloadResult download result
type DownloadResult struct {
	reader io.ReadCloser
	waitCh chan struct{}
}

// Download format matched by filter (usually a format id or quality designator).
// If filter is empty, then youtube-dl will use its default format selector.
// It's a shortcut of DownloadWithOptions where the options use the default value
func (result Result) Download(ctx context.Context, filter string) (*DownloadResult, error) {
	return result.DownloadWithOptions(ctx, DownloadOptions{
		Filter: filter,
	})
}

type DownloadOptions struct {
	AudioFormats      string // --audio-formats Download audio using formats (best, aac, alac, flac, m4a, mp3, opus, vorbis, wav)
	DownloadAudioOnly bool   // -x Download audio only from video
	// Download format matched by filter (usually a format id or quality designator).
	// If filter is empty, then youtube-dl will use its default format selector.
	Filter string
	// The index of the entry to download from the playlist that would be
	// passed to youtube-dl via --playlist-items. The index value starts at 1
	PlaylistIndex int
}

func (result Result) DownloadWithOptions(
	ctx context.Context,
	options DownloadOptions,
) (*DownloadResult, error) {
	debugLog := result.Options.DebugLog

	if !result.Options.noInfoDownload {
		if (result.Info.Type == "playlist" ||
			result.Info.Type == "multi_video" ||
			result.Info.Type == "channel") &&
			options.PlaylistIndex == 0 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
				"can't download a playlist when the playlist index options is not set",
			)
		}
	}

	tempPath, tempErr := os.MkdirTemp("", "ydls")
	if tempErr != nil {
		return nil, tempErr
	}

	var jsonTempPath string
	if !result.Options.noInfoDownload {
		jsonTempPath = path.Join(tempPath, "info.json")
		if err := os.WriteFile(jsonTempPath, result.RawJSON, 0600); err != nil {
			os.RemoveAll(tempPath)
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	dr := &DownloadResult{
		waitCh: make(chan struct{}),
	}

	cmd := exec.CommandContext(
		ctx,
		ProbePath(),
		// see comment below about ignoring errors for playlists
		"--ignore-errors",
		// TODO: deprecated in yt-dlp?
		"--no-call-home",
		// use non-fancy progress bar
		"--newline",
		// use safer output filenmaes
		// TODO: needed?
		"--restrict-filenames",
		// use .netrc authentication data
		"--netrc",
		// write to stdout
		"--output", "-",
	)

	if result.Options.noInfoDownload {
		// provide URL via stdin for security, youtube-dl has some run command args
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--batch-file", "-")
		cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewBufferString(result.RawURL + "\n")

		if result.Options.Type == TypePlaylist {
			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--yes-playlist")

			if result.Options.PlaylistStart > 0 {
				cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
					"--playlist-start", strconv.Itoa(int(result.Options.PlaylistStart)),
				)
			}
			if result.Options.PlaylistEnd > 0 {
				cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
					"--playlist-end", strconv.Itoa(int(result.Options.PlaylistEnd)),
				)
			}
		} else {
			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
				"--no-playlist",
			)
		}
	} else {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--load-info", jsonTempPath)
	}
	// force IPV4 Usage
	if result.Options.UseIPV4 {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-4")
	}
	// don't need to specify if direct as there is only one
	// also seems to be issues when using filter with generic extractor
	if !result.Info.Direct && options.Filter != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-f", options.Filter)
	}

	if options.PlaylistIndex > 0 {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--playlist-items", fmt.Sprint(options.PlaylistIndex))
	}

	if options.DownloadAudioOnly {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-x")
	}

	if options.AudioFormats != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--audio-format", options.AudioFormats)
	}

	if result.Options.ProxyUrl != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--proxy", result.Options.ProxyUrl)
	}

	if result.Options.Downloader != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--downloader", result.Options.Downloader)
	}

	if result.Options.DownloadSections != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--download-sections", result.Options.DownloadSections)
	}

	if result.Options.CookiesFromBrowser != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--cookies-from-browser", result.Options.CookiesFromBrowser)
	}

	if result.Options.MergeOutputFormat != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
			"--merge-output-format", result.Options.MergeOutputFormat,
		)
	}

	if result.Options.SortingFormat != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
			"--format-sort", result.Options.SortingFormat,
		)
	}

	if result.Options.ExtractorArgs != "" {
		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args,
			"--extractor-args", result.Options.ExtractorArgs,
		)
	}

	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, result.Options.DownloadArgs...)

	cmd.Dir = tempPath
	var stdoutW io.WriteCloser
	var stderrW io.WriteCloser
	var stderrR io.Reader
	dr.reader, stdoutW = io.Pipe()
	stderrR, stderrW = io.Pipe()
	optStderrWriter := io.Discard
	if result.Options.StderrFn != nil {
		optStderrWriter = result.Options.StderrFn(cmd)
	}
	cmd.Stdout = stdoutW
	cmd.Stderr = io.MultiWriter(optStderrWriter, stderrW)

	debugLog.Print("cmd", " ", cmd.Args)
	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
		os.RemoveAll(tempPath)
		return nil, err
	}

	go func() {
		_ = cmd.Wait()
		stdoutW.Close()
		stderrW.Close()
		os.RemoveAll(tempPath)
		close(dr.waitCh)
	}()

	// blocks return until yt-dlp is downloading or has errored
	ytErrCh := make(chan error)
	go func() {
		stderrLineScanner := bufio.NewScanner(stderrR)
		for stderrLineScanner.Scan() {
			const downloadPrefix = "[download]"
			const errorPrefix = "ERROR: "
			line := stderrLineScanner.Text()
			if strings.HasPrefix(line, downloadPrefix) {
				break
			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, errorPrefix) {
				ytErrCh <- errors.New(line[len(errorPrefix):])
				return
			}
		}
		ytErrCh <- nil
		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, stderrR)
	}()

	return dr, <-ytErrCh
}

func (dr *DownloadResult) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	return dr.reader.Read(p)
}

// Close downloader and wait for resource cleanup
func (dr *DownloadResult) Close() error {
	err := dr.reader.Close()
	<-dr.waitCh
	return err
}

// Formats return all formats
// helper to take care of mixed info and format
func (result Result) Formats() []Format {
	if len(result.Info.Formats) > 0 {
		return result.Info.Formats
	}
	return []Format{result.Info.Format}
}